One-step synthesis of nanosilver embedding laser-induced graphene for H2O2 sensor.

During the novel coronavirus pandemic, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) played an important role as a disinfectant. However, high concentrations of H2O2 can also cause damage to the skin and eyes. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative detection of H2O2 is an important research direction. In this work, we report a one-step laser-induced synthesis of graphene doped with Ag NPs composites. It directly trims screen printed electrodes (SPE). Firstly, we did the timekeeping current method (CA) test on H2O2 using a conventional platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and obtained linear ranges of 1-110 µM and 110-800 µM with a sensitivity of 118.7 and 96.3 µAmM-1cm-2 and a low detection limit of (LOD) 0.24 µM and 0.31 µM. On this basis we have also achieved a good result in CA testing using Screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), laying the foundation for portable testing. The sensor has excellent interference immunity and high selectivity.

Epidemiological investigation of canine coronavirus infection in Chinese domestic dogs: A systematic review and data synthesis.

Canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs worldwide, causing enteric issues and causing harm to the dog industry and dogs. Although CCoV is not recognized as a highly lethal canine intestinal pathogen, it has been reported that CCoV is significantly associated with canine diarrhea in dogs. CCoV is a common health problem in dogs, attracting major concern from veterinarians and dog owners across China. In this study, we summarized the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CCoV in dogs in mainland China. The study revealed that the pooled prevalence of CCoV infection was 33%, and which associated with age, but not with sex, season and immunization status. In addition, the study also further suggested that CCoV-II was the predominant CCoV subtype in Chinese dogs. This study will provide valuable information for CCoV infections across China and other countries. Furthermore, this study also suggested that continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CCoV are necessary.

Will People Accept a Third Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine? A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are considered to be an effective way to prevent the spread of the infection. Our previous study has shown that about 75% of healthcare workers (HCWs) in China were willing to receive the vaccine when it became available. Here, we examined the acceptance of a third booster dose among Chinese people and identified the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and the snowball sampling method was utilized. An online questionnaire was provided to all the participants in the form of a quick response (QR) code. The questionnaire included general demographic information, views on vaccines, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The univariate analysis was done between all the variables and our dependent variable. Then, we used the multivariate logistic regression model to examine the influencing factors of the third booster dose acceptance. Results We collected 1,062 complete answers. Of these, 90.39% (n = 960) declared that they would accept the booster dose. Knowing more about the vaccine and recognizing the efficacy of vaccines were significantly associated with greater acceptance of the booster dose. People willing to take the booster dose had better psychological health. A belief that the booster dose could prevent severe infection caused by COVID-19 and enhance the effectiveness of the first two doses were the main contributing factors to vaccine acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy was mainly due to a low perceived risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This study revealed that Chinese people were very receptive to the third booster dose, which is an inspiring result. More positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination were supported by its efficacy and few side effects.

Recapitulating influenza virus infection and facilitating antiviral and neuroprotective screening in tractable brain organoids.

Human pluripotent stem cell derived brain organoids offer an unprecedented opportunity for various applications as in vitro model. Currently, human brain organoids as models have been used to understand virus-induced neurotoxicity. Methods: The brain organoids were separately challenged by multiple viruses including influenza viruses (H1N1-WSN and H3N2-HKT68), Enteroviruses (EV68 and EV71) and Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) to investigate the impaired effect of these viruses on human brain development. Results: The brain organoids challenged by influenza viruses had decreased overall organoid size, while enteroviruses infected brain organoids displayed the opposite result. Then, we found WSN preferentially infected MAP2+ neurons compared to SOX2+ neural stem cells (NSCs) and GFAP+ astrocytes in brain organoids, and induced apoptosis of NSCs and neurons, and released inflammatory factors (TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-6), facilitating brain damage. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed several co-upregulated genes (CSAG3 and OAS2) and co-downregulated genes (CDC20B, KCNJ13, OTX2-AS1) after WSN infection for 24 hpi and 96 hpi, implicating target for antiviral drugs development. Finally, we explored compound PYC-12 could significantly suppress virus infection, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Conclusions: Collectively, we established a tractable experimental model to investigate the impact and mechanism of virus infection on human brain development.

七例2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)普通型患者出院后病毒核酸随访结果 Follow-up testing of viral nucleic acid in discharged patients with moderate type of COVID-19

目的 随访研究2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者在达到出院标准后病毒核酸检测结果，为医疗机构对出院患者随访管理提供决策依据。 方法 对浙江大学医学院附属第四医院经治疗后已符合出院标准的COVID-19患者采取院内继续隔离观察7 d，再居家隔离4周，期间记录患者每日临床体征，定期送检痰液行病毒核酸检测，评估患者病情变化。 结果 已符合现有出院标准的7例患者中有3例在5~7 d后再次出现痰液病毒核酸检测阳性，持续阳性2~6 d后再次转阴；复查患者血常规、C反应蛋白、血生化以及胸部CT结果均无明显异常，也无明显临床症状。其余4例患者随访4周，痰液病毒核酸检测均为阴性，未出现COVID-19相关临床症状，实验室和影像学检查结果无异常。 结论 COVID-19患者按现有标准出院后复阳的比例较高，建议有条件的医疗机构对满足现行出院标准的患者继续院内隔离观察7 d并进行连续的病毒核酸监测。

Deep Learning Enables Accurate Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) With CT Images.

A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) recently emerged as an acute respiratory syndrome, and has caused a pneumonia outbreak world-widely. As the COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly across the world, computed tomography (CT) has become essentially important for fast diagnoses. Thus, it is urgent to develop an accurate computer-aided method to assist clinicians to identify COVID-19-infected patients by CT images. Here, we have collected chest CT scans of 88 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from hospitals of two provinces in China, 100 patients infected with bacteria pneumonia, and 86 healthy persons for comparison and modeling. Based on the data, a deep learning-based CT diagnosis system was developed to identify patients with COVID-19. The experimental results showed that our model could accurately discriminate the COVID-19 patients from the bacteria pneumonia patients with an AUC of 0.95, recall (sensitivity) of 0.96, and precision of 0.79. When integrating three types of CT images, our model achieved a recall of 0.93 with precision of 0.86 for discriminating COVID-19 patients from others. Moreover, our model could extract main lesion features, especially the ground-glass opacity (GGO), which are visually helpful for assisted diagnoses by doctors. An online server is available for online diagnoses with CT images by our server (http://biomed.nscc-gz.cn/model.php). Source codes and datasets are available at our GitHub (https://github.com/SY575/COVID19-CT).

S-Trimer, a COVID-19 subunit vaccine candidate, induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates.

SARS-CoV-2 is the underlying cause for the COVID-19 pandemic. Like most enveloped RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 uses a homotrimeric surface antigen to gain entry into host cells. Here we describe S-Trimer, a native-like trimeric subunit vaccine candidate for COVID-19 based on Trimer-Tag technology. Immunization of S-Trimer with either AS03 (oil-in-water emulsion) or CpG 1018 (TLR9 agonist) plus alum adjuvants induced high-level of neutralizing antibodies and Th1-biased cellular immune responses in animal models. Moreover, rhesus macaques immunized with adjuvanted S-Trimer were protected from SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared to vehicle controls, based on clinical observations and reduction of viral loads in lungs. Trimer-Tag may be an important platform technology for scalable production and rapid development of safe and effective subunit vaccines against current and future emerging RNA viruses.

Positive result of Sars-Cov-2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patients with COVID-19 in Yiwu, China.

BACKGROUND: With the effective prevention and control of COVID-19 in China, the number of cured cases has increased significantly. Further monitoring of the disease prognosis and effective control of the "relapse" of the epidemic has become the next focus of work. This study analysed the clinical prognosis of discharged COVID-19 patients by monitoring their SAR-CoV-2 nucleic acid status, which provided a theoretical basis for medical institutions to formulate discharge standards and follow-up management for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We included 13 discharged COVID-19 patients who were quarantined for 4 weeks at home. The patient's daily clinical signs were recorded and sputum and faecal specimens were regularly sent for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. RESULTS: The time between initial symptoms and meeting discharge criteria was 18 to 44 days with an average of 25 ± 6 days. The faecal samples of two patients still tested positive after meeting the discharge criteria and the sputum samples of four patients returned positive 5 to 14 days after discharge. The rate of the recurring positive test result in samples from the respiratory system was 31% (4/13). CONCLUSION: Under the present discharge criteria, the high presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in faecal and respiratory samples of discharged COVID-19 patients indicates potential infectivity. Therefore, we suggest that faecal virus nucleic acid should be tested as a routine monitoring index for COVID-19 and a negative result be added to the criteria. Simultaneously, we should strengthen the regular follow-up of discharged patients with continuous monitoring of the recurrence of viral nucleic acid.

T-wave inversion as a manifestation of COVID-19 infection: a case series.

PURPOSE: Cardiac involvement with COVID-19 infection has become evident by elevated troponin, cardiac arrhythmias, ST segment elevation, myocarditis, fulminant heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. We aimed to describe the association of COVID-19 and T-wave inversion (TWI) in a large case series. METHODS: We conducted an observational, retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 cases with at least one electrocardiogram (ECG) in a large hospital in New York City (March 23, 2020-April 23, 2020). Patients with new TWI or pseudonormalization were further analyzed. Mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation were the main outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 3225 patients were screened; 195 (6%) were selected for further analysis: 181 with TWI and 14 with T-wave pseudonormalization. Mean age was 66 ± 7 years; 51% were male. TWI were more commonly noted in the lateral (71%), followed by anterior (64%), inferior (57%), and septal (26%) leads. A total of 44 patients (23%) had elevated troponin. A total of 50 patients died (26%). Mortality rates of 35%, and 52% were observed in patients with diffuse TWI, and elevated troponin, respectively. Mortality rate of 80% was observed in patients with both elevated troponin and diffuse TWI. Additionally, 30% of the entire cohort and 58% of patients with elevated troponin required invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that new TWI is a relatively common finding in COVID-19 patients. Importantly, our findings suggest that new TWI or T-wave pseudonormalization, particularly with elevated troponin, was associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.

Animal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has rapidly spread to 216 countries and territories since first outbreak in December of 2019, posing a substantial economic losses and extraordinary threats to the public health worldwide. Although bats have been suggested as the natural host of SARS-CoV-2, transmission chains of this virus, role of animals during cross-species transmission, and future concerns remain unclear. Diverse animal coronaviruses have extensively been studied since the discovery of avian coronavirus in 1930s. The current article comprehensively reviews and discusses the current understanding about animal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 for their emergence, transmission, zoonotic potential, alteration of tissue/host tropism, evolution, status of vaccines and surveillance. This study aims at providing guidance for control of COVID-19 and preventative strategies for possible future outbreaks of zoonotic coronavirus via cross-species transmission.